After successfully completing the two-year “Head and Neck Oncology” program at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, USA, he received the diploma of surgeon-oncologist.
 

After confirming his medical license in Austria, he worked for two years at the Barmherzigen Schwestern Clinic in Linz, Austria, as a surgeon in the Head and Neck Cancer Surgery Department. He later served as Vice Dean for medical education at Azerbaijan Medical University. By decision of the Higher Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, he was awarded a PhD in medicine and the academic title of Professor in the field of Oncology.

For more than 15 years, he has been the leading researcher and surgeon in the Head and Neck Cancer Surgery Department at the National Oncology Center of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Professor Aliyev is a member of the American and European Societies of Clinical Oncology, a member of the editorial board of the Azerbaijan Oncology Journal, and a member of the Dissertation Council in the specialties of “Oncology” and “Radiation Diagnostics and Therapy.” He also serves as a member of the Scientific Council at the National Oncology Center.

In February 2025, Professor Aliyev was a speaker at the 7th Annual Thyroid Oncology Symposium in Miami, USA, organized by Miami Cancer Research Center delivering the presentation “The Science, Craft and Art of Complex Thyroid Surgery.” Since that year, Professor Aliyev has initiated and organized this symposium in Baku, Azerbaijan with the support of the Miami Cancer Research Center, establishing it as a recurring and traditional scientific event. The symposium was successfully held in 2025 and 2026, and it is planned to continue regularly in the coming years with the support of the Miami Cancer Research Center. In 2026, Professor Aliyev was awarded the “Excellence in Surgical Healing” Award by the Miami Cancer Research Center in recognition of his outstanding professionalism in the science and art of surgery.

In November 2025, he participated as a leading surgeon in Head and Neck Oncology, in an event organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dedicated to creating a protocol for modern surgical treatment of thyroid cancer within individualized guidelines aimed at a unified global approach to managing thyroid diseases. The event brought together specialists from more than 15 countries to develop new treatment recommendations and improve the effectiveness and safety of patient care worldwide, which was published in leading European journals.

Thanks to his strong organizational skills and leadership, international conferences on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors are regularly held in Azerbaijan with the participation of well-known specialists from Europe and the United States. He consistently presents the results of his research at major oncology congresses in the USA, Germany, Austria, Turkey and Russia. Under the leadership of the Director of the National Oncology Center, Akademik Jamil Aliyev, Professor Aliyev played a key role in organizing multiple conferences with American Society of Oncologist and establishing several scientific and practical cooperation agreements between the National Oncology Center of Azerbaijan and leading oncology institutions in the United States—MD Anderson Cancer Center, Weill Cornell University, and the University of Illinois, as well as major centers in Europe. On his initiative, a Head and Neck Oncology course was established for the first time at the National Oncology Center starting from 2026. The course brings together oncologists, surgeons, endocrinologists, and radiologists, and is conducted twice a year under his leadership.

Under his supervision, four PhD dissertations in medical oncology have been completed, with two more nearing completion. Additionally, Professor Aliyev is the author of more than 60 publications, one monograph, four teaching syllabi, and two methodological guidelines. He is one of the leading specialists in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of head and neck pathologies. His main areas of scientific and clinical expertise include diseases of the thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, tongue, parotid and submandibular glands, skin, and other structures of the head and neck region. Under his leadership, comprehensive programs for the prevention and early diagnosis of head and neck malignancies were developed. For the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer, Prof. Aliyev applies advanced technologies such as fine-needle biopsy, radionuclide studies of the thyroid, SPECT-CT, and radioactive iodine therapy. These modern diagnostic methods allow for highly accurate detection of tumors and assessment of their extent, facilitating effective surgical intervention at early stages.

In December 2015, he was appointed Rector of the Baku Branch of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University). To optimize the educational process, Professor Aliyev introduced a modular learning system, which organizes clinical subjects into a sequence of lectures followed by clinical rotations. This enables students to directly apply theoretical knowledge in real clinical settings under the supervision of practicing physicians. Under his leadership, more than 650 doctors have graduated from the Sechenov University Baku Branch, and currently more than 900 students are enrolled in medical degree program, residency training, and pharmacology. A state-of-the-art simulation training center was established at the University, enabling students, residents, and physicians to develop clinical reasoning, teamwork, and emergency decision-making skills in realistic settings. These simulation scenarios significantly enhance students motivation, practical skills, and readiness for professional practice. He supervised the development of the methodological manual Simulation Training Methodology. Key projects include practical skills development and accreditation for students of Sechenov University Baku Branch and Azerbaijan Medical University; advanced training for physician for the Azerbaijan State Advanced Medical Institute; training programs for the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports;  Formula 1 volunteers at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix; “First Aid” training for employees of AZAL (Azerbaijan Airlines); a flagship and special pride “First Aid” project for trauma care in the cities of Shusha and Lachin in the Karabakh Economic Region. The University collaborates with more than 35 medical institutions across Azerbaijan, Turkey, Europe, the United States, and Russia to provide its students with extensive clinical practice opportunities.

In 2023, he was awarded the Heydar Aliyev 100th Anniversary Medal (1923–2023). In 2024, he received the Interstate Prize “Stars of the Commonwealth,” the highest humanitarian award of the CIS, for “Outstanding Contributions and Achievements in Science and Education.” He donated the full monetary award of 2 million rubles to the Karabakh Revival Foundation. In 2025, by order of the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation, he was awarded a certificate of gratitude "For significant contribution to the improvement and development of healthcare and for many years of fruitful work in providing highly qualified medical care." In 2026, Professor Aliyev was awarded the “Excellence in Surgical Healing” Award by the Miami Cancer Research Center in recognition of his outstanding professionalism in the science and art of surgery.
 

He is married and has two children.